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Sensor-Rich Buoys in the Arctic Ocean
Changing Sea Ice Requires Rapid Buoy Modifications
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Improving Accuracy |
Buoy Deployments |
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This test site is one of the ways we get a handle on the accuracy of our instruments so we can reliably tell how fast the Earth is warming, how fast climate is changing.
We know these buoys measure temperature within one tenth of one degree Celsius. We know we have some errors. We want to get a handle on those errors so we can determine how conclusive we are about statements we make in our research.
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More About This Research
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The International Arctic Buoy Programme
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Members of the IABP maintain a network of drifting buoys on the Arctic Ocean. They provide meteorological and oceanographic data for real-time operational requirements and research.
The Arctic Ocean Buoy Program was established at APL-UW in 1979 and succeeded in 1991 by the IABP to pursue the same objectives. Today the Programme is composed of 20 research and operations institutions from nine countries.
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The buoys' measurements of sea level pressue, surface air temperature, sea ice motion, snow depth, sea ice thickness, sea ice temperature, ocean temperature, and ocean salinity are used to:
- study Arctic climate and climate change
- forecast weather and ice conditions
- validate satellite observations
- force, validate and assimilate data into numerical models of climate
- track the source and fate of samples taken from the ice
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Recent Publications Using IABP Data
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Seafloor control on sea ice Nghiem, S.V., P. Clemente-Colón, I.G. Rigor, D.K. Hall, and G. Neumann, "Seafloor control on sea ice," Deep Sea Res. II, 77-80, 52-61, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.004, 2012. |
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15 Nov 2012
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The seafloor has a profound role in Arctic Sea ice formation and seasonal evolution. Ocean bathymetry controls the distribution and mixing of warm and cold waters, which may originate from different sources, thereby dictating the pattern of sea ice on the ocean surface. Sea ice dynamics, forced by surface winds, are also guided by seafloor features in preferential directions. Here, satellite mapping of sea ice together with buoy measurements are used to reveal the bathymetric control on sea ice growth and dynamics. Bathymetric effects on sea ice formation are clearly observed in the conformity between sea ice patterns and bathymetric characteristics in the peripheral seas. Beyond local features, bathymetric control appears over extensive regions of the sea ice cover across the Arctic Ocean. The large-scale conformity between bathymetry and patterns of different synoptic sea ice classes, including seasonal and perennial sea ice, is identified. An implication of the bathymetric influence is that the maximum extent of the total sea ice cover is relatively stable, as observed by scatterometer data in the decade of the 2000s, while the minimum ice extent has decreased drastically. Because of the geologic control, the sea ice cover can expand only as far as it reaches the seashore, the continental shelf break, or other pronounced bathymetric features in the peripheral seas. Since the seafloor does not change significantly for decades or centuries, sea ice patterns can be recurrent around certain bathymetric features, which, once identified, may help improve short-term forecast, seasonal outlook, and decadal prediction of the sea ice cover. Moreover, the seafloor can indirectly influence the cloud cover by its control on sea ice distribution, which differentially modulates the latent heat flux through ice covered and open water areas.
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Arctic perennial sea ice crash of the 2000s and its impacts Nghiem, S., G. Neumann, P. Clemente-Colon, I. Rigor, and D. Perovich, "Arctic perennial sea ice crash of the 2000s and its impacts," Bionature2011: The Second International Conference on Bioenvironment, Biodiversity and Renewable Energies, 22-27 May, Venice, Italy, 38-42 (2011). |
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22 May 2011
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Satellite and surface observations show that half of the extent of perennial sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been lost in the decade of 2000s. Perennial sea ice is the class of old and thick ice important for the stability of the Arctic environment. Perennial ice extent set the record low in 2008 and has remained low as seen in updated satellite scatterometer data and surface drifting buoy measurements in 2011. The drastic decline of Arctic sea ice is far exceeding the worst-case projections from climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. The important role of the Polar Express phenomenon has been identified, indicating dynamic and thermodynamic effects are combined to expedite the loss of perennial sea ice. Consequently, major impacts include decreases in Arctic surface albedo, increases in absorbed insolation, facilitation of sea-route opening, and changes in tropospheric chemical processes such as bromine explosion, ozone depletion, and mercury deposition that impact the biosphere.
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Sea ice response to an extreme negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during winter 2009/2010 Stroeve, J.C., J. Maslanik, M.C. Serreze, I. Rigor, W. Meier, and C. Fowler, "Sea ice response to an extreme negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during winter 2009/2010," Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, doi:10.1029/2010GL045662, 2011. |
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29 Jan 2011
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Based on relationships established in previous studies, the extreme negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) that characterized winter of 2009/2010 should have favored retention of Arctic sea ice through the 2010 summer melt season. The September 2010 sea ice extent nevertheless ended up as third lowest in the satellite record, behind 2007 and barely above 2008, reinforcing the long-term downward trend. This reflects pronounced differences in atmospheric circulation during winter of 2009/2010 compared to the mean anomaly pattern based on past negative AO winters, low ice volume at the start of the melt season, and summer melt of much of the multiyear ice that had been transported into the warm southerly reaches of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas.
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